Abantu bireba bagaragaje ko gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu y’amashanyarazi izibanda ku guhindura uburyo bwo guteza imbere ingufu z’amashanyarazi, cyane cyane ku miterere y’amashanyarazi, kubaka amashanyarazi no kuvugurura ibyerekezo bitatu.Umwaka wa 2012, Tibet izahuzwa na interineti, kandi umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uzagera mu gihugu cyose.Muri icyo gihe, igipimo cy’amashanyarazi y’amakara n’amashanyarazi yashyizweho kizagabanukaho hafi 6% mu mpera za gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu.Ingufu zisukuye zizarushaho kunoza imiterere yimbaraga.
Umugabane wamakara mumashanyarazi uzagabanuka 6%
Nk’uko abantu babifitemo uruhare mu ishyirahamwe ry’itumanaho rya telefone mu Bushinwa babitangaza, igitekerezo rusange cy’umugambi ni “isoko rinini, intego nini na gahunda nini”, ryibanda ku isoko ry’isoko ku rwego rw’igihugu, kuzamura amashanyarazi, imiterere ya gride, guhanga ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, igenamigambi ry'ubukungu na politiki yo guteza imbere ingufu, n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, uburyo bwo kugena ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, urugero rw'ingufu z'umuyaga, icyitegererezo cy'iterambere ry'ingufu za kirimbuzi n'ibindi.
Ugereranije n’amashanyarazi muri gahunda y’imyaka 11 y’imyaka itanu yibanze ku miterere y’iterambere ry’amashanyarazi, ishoramari n’inganda n’amashanyarazi, iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, no kuvugurura ibiciro by’amashanyarazi, kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama umutungo, kuzigama ingufu, muri rusange impirimbanyi zo gutwara amakara, ivugurura ry’amashanyarazi mu cyaro no kwiteza imbere nibindi umunani bitandukanye, gahunda yimyaka 12 yimyaka 5 izagaragaza uburyo bwo guhindura inzira yiterambere ry’amashanyarazi, Kandi cyane cyane hafi y’amashanyarazi, kubaka amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi kuvugurura ibyerekezo bitatu.
Nk’uko ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mbaraga za Grid kibitangaza ngo ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi muri sosiyete yose rizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe cya gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu, ariko umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere buri mwaka uri munsi ugereranije n’igihe cya 11 cy’imyaka itanu.Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, amashanyarazi akoreshwa muri sosiyete yose azagera kuri tiriyari 5.42 kugeza kuri tiriyari 6.32 KWH, aho izamuka ry’umwaka rya 6% -8.8%.Muri 2020, amashanyarazi yose yageze kuri tiriyoni 6,61 agera kuri tiriyoni 8.51-kilowatt-amasaha, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo kwiyongera kwumwaka wa 4% -6.1%.
Yakomeje agira ati: “Ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi yose buragenda buhoro ariko umubare wose uzakomeza kwiyongera, bityo rero tugomba guhindura uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi kugira ngo dukoreshe amakara mu rubyaro, bitabaye ibyo ntidushobora kugera ku ntego ya 15% itari iy'ibimera. ingufu na 40% kugeza 45% kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri 2015. ”Ushinzwe gusesengura ingufu Lu Yang yagaragarije umunyamakuru wacu.
Icyakora, abanyamakuru bava mu igenamigambi rya raporo y’ubushakashatsi bareba, "igihe cya cumi na kabiri n’imyaka itanu" y’ingufu z’amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa gihabwa umwanya wa mbere n’amashanyarazi y’amashyanyarazi akoreshwa n’amakara, bisaba ko hajyaho ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu kuzamura amazi n’amashanyarazi, ingufu za kirimbuzi n'amazi yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nizindi mbaraga zisukuye nubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, no kugabanya igipimo cyamakara kugirango huzuzwe neza.
Nk’uko iyi gahunda ibigaragaza, umubare w’ingufu zisukuye zashyizweho uzava kuri 24 ku ijana muri 2009 ugera kuri 30.9 ku ijana muri 2015 na 34.9 ku ijana muri 2020, naho umubare w’amashanyarazi nawo uzava kuri 18.8 ku ijana muri 2009 ujye kuri 23.7 ku ijana muri 2015 na 27.6. ku ijana muri 2020.
Muri icyo gihe, igipimo cy’amashanyarazi yashyizweho n’amashanyarazi kizagabanuka hafi 6%.Ibi bihuye n’icyifuzo cy’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ingufu ko umugabane w’amakara mu gukoresha ingufu z’ibanze mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu uzagabanuka ugera kuri 63 ku ijana uva hejuru ya 70% muri 2009.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, mu gihe cy '“imyaka cumi na kabiri n’itanu” mu karere k’iburasirazuba kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’amakara, inyanja ya bohai, delta y’uruzi rwa Yangtze, delta y’amasaro, hamwe n’ibice by’amajyaruguru y’amajyaruguru, kugenzura neza amakara, kubaka amakara atekereza gusa gushyigikira kubaka amashanyarazi no gukoresha uruganda rukora amakara yatumijwe mu mahanga, kubaka amashanyarazi mu burasirazuba bizashyira imbere ingufu za nucleaire n’uruganda rwa gaze.
Kubaka amashanyarazi: menya imiyoboro rusange
Dukurikije ibiteganijwe mu kigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku ngufu za Leta, umutwaro ntarengwa w’umuryango wose uzagera kuri miliyoni 990 kWt mu 2015, aho impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka ya 8.5% mu gihe cya gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu.Iterambere ntarengwa ryubwiyongere bwihuta kurenza umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwikoreshwa ryamashanyarazi, kandi itandukaniro ryikibaya-kibaya cya gride kizakomeza kwiyongera.Muri byo, igice cy'iburasirazuba kiracyari ikigo gishinzwe imitwaro y'igihugu.Kugeza mu 2015, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei na Shandong, intara enye zo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati Ubushinwa n'Ubushinwa bw'Uburasirazuba zizaba zifite 55.32% by'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gihugu.
Ubwiyongere bwumutwaro bushyira imbere ibisabwa mubikorwa byizewe kandi bihamye hamwe no kugenzura hejuru.Umunyamakuru ashobora kubona muri raporo idasanzwe y’igenamigambi, urebye ubwiyongere bw’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, igihe cya 12 cy’imyaka itanu kizaba binyuze mu kwihutisha iyubakwa ry’imashanyarazi, intara n’akarere k’amashanyarazi no guteza imbere yashyizweho igipimo cyo kubika pompe.
Shu Yinbiao, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa Grid ya Leta, aherutse kuvuga ko mu gihe cya gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu, Urwego rwa Leta ruzashyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubuyobozi bumwe bwihariye, ibigo bine bikomeye ”kugira ngo hubakwe umuyoboro ukomeye w’ubwenge.“Imbaraga imwe idasanzwe” isobanura iterambere rya UHV, naho “binini bine” bisobanura iterambere ryimbitse ry’ingufu nini z’amakara, amashanyarazi manini, ingufu nini za kirimbuzi n’ingufu nini zishobora kuvugururwa no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi binyuze mu iterambere rya UHV.
Ati: "By'umwihariko, dukwiye guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya UHV AC, tekinoroji yo kubika no gukwirakwiza umuyaga, ikoranabuhanga rya gride yoroheje, tekinoroji ya DC ikwirakwiza, ikoranabuhanga rya UHV DC, ikoranabuhanga rinini ryo kubika ingufu, ikoranabuhanga rishya rihuza imiyoboro, gukwirakwiza ingufu na micro ikoranabuhanga rya gride, n'ibindi. ”Shu YinBiao ati.
Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’ubushake n’igihe gito cy’ingufu z’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, kugira ngo harebwe imikorere isanzwe y’amabwiriza agenga amashanyarazi, mu gihe cya gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingufu z’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi bizatezwa imbere mu kongera igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza umuyaga hamwe no gushyiraho ikigo kibika umuyaga n'umuyaga.
Bai Jianhua, umuyobozi w’ikigo gishinzwe ingufu n’igenamigambi ry’ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’ingufu za Leta, yizera ko “birakwiye ko dusuzuma ko ubujyakuzimu bw’ingufu z’amashyanyarazi butagomba kurenga 50%, igihe cy’imigozi y’ikwirakwizwa kigomba kugenzurwa na 90%, kandi igipimo cyo guhuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zituruka ku mashanyarazi y'umuyaga kigomba kuba 1: 2. ”
Raporo y’igenamigambi ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2015, kimwe cya kabiri cy’ingufu z’umuyaga mu gihugu kizakenera gutwarwa mu turere dutatu two mu majyaruguru n’utundi turere twa kure binyuze mu miyoboro ihuza amashanyarazi n’akarere, iyubakwa ry’intara n’umusaraba. -umurongo w'amashanyarazi w'akarere wabaye kimwe mubyingenzi muri "Gahunda yimyaka 12 yimyaka 5".
Nk’uko abanyamakuru babitangaza, gahunda ya 12 y’imyaka itanu y’imyaka itanu izuzuza umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi mu gihugu.Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2012, hamwe n’umushinga wa 750-kV / ± 400-kV AC / DC uhuza umushinga uhuza Qinghai na Tibet, amashanyarazi atandatu akomeye mu majyepfo, hagati, mu burasirazuba, mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba, mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru no mu majyaruguru y’Ubushinwa azakwirakwiza intara n’imijyi yose ku mugabane w'isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2022